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FACWORLD EZINE
The Facilities, Mechanical, Electrical Resource Center

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October 3, 2005
Editor: Thomas Yoon

contact: http://www.free-marine.com/emailform.htm
Publisher: Facworld Ezine


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IN THIS ISSUE
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Publisher's Note
Featured Ad
Article
Facworld Free Classified Ads
Guidelines for placing ads
Advertising Rates
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Publisher's Note
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Hi there,


Corrosion causes a lot of problems in maintenance. Machines
get worn out, structures become weakened, appearance gets
tarnished and metals like iron do not last as long as we
wanted them to.

Yet not every wearing of machines can be attributed to
corrosion. Erosion, abrasion and scuffing can also wear down
machines. However the major reason for machine wear down is
still corrosion. Why is that so?

We live in a world of chemicals and corrosion is a chemical
reaction. In the process, metal is dissolved. Since iron and
steel is used in almost every machine and structure, we
particularly want to avoid corrosion in them.

Corrosion of iron and steel occurs only when 3 conditions
occur:

1. A potential difference exists.
2. The surfaces are covered by an electrolyte.
3. Oxygen is present.

Potential Difference
Acids are the chief culprit in any corrosion. Sulphuric acid
from acid rain causes a lot of corrosion damage. However,
many people do not realize that it is the movement of
electrons in the chemicals that causes the iron to get
dissolved. The potential difference is the one that causes
the electrons to flow in a closed electrical circuit,
similarly to a battery.

Galvanic Corrosion
In the galvanic series of metals, noble metals like gold,
silver, and platinum are almost immune to the attack of
acids. They are considered inactive. The most active are
metals like potassium and sodium. Somewhere in between these
extremes are metals like iron, copper, zinc, tin, etc.

In a normal galvanic corrosion, electrical current flows
from a less active metal to a more active metal, i.e. from
the cathode to the anode. The anode gets wasted away. When
a steel structure is immersed in salt water together with a
less active metal like copper, the steel gets corroded very
quickly.

When dissimilar metals are placed together in an electrolyte,
a potential difference is created between them. The more
active metal is corroded when a current flows through the
acidic water or electrolyte. The faster the flow, the faster
is the rate of corrosion. In normal atmospheric corrosion,
the concentration of the acid in the water electrolyte is
very low, so the rate of corrosion is slow. With a higher
concentration, the corrosion also quickens.

Presence of Oxygen
Rust is one of the most common effects of corrosion. It is
the oxidation of iron to form ferrous oxide. Corrosion is
therefore highest in water tanks at the surface of the water
where it is wet and contains a lot of dissolved air from the
atmosphere. In a closed vessel, corrosion stops when all the
oxygen has been used up for rusting.

Now that we know what is corrosion, how do we prevent them?

Methods that are used to prevent corrosion are therefore
aimed at preventing the presence of an electrical potential
difference, using less active metals and removing the
presence of moisture and oxygen. Some of them are:

1. Painting
2. Rubber and plastic linings
3. Cathodic protection
4. Impressed current system
5. Alkaline chemical treatment
6. Use of less active metals

This could be a subject for the coming issues...

Until next time...

"If You're Serious About Surprising Life.."
Keep Your Eyes Open for Things from Another World! Amazing Products
and Gifts for Keeping Wonder.
http://www.free-marine.com/linkthingsworld.htm


Thomas Yoon
Editor, Facworld Ezine
More information can be obtained at
http://www.free-engineering.com
http://www.free-marine.com

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Featured Ad
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Article
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Save Money on Marketing

The costs of marketing can be overwhelming, particularly for
a new company. With a little planning and time, it may be
possible to save yourself a considerable amount of money.

If you look closely you will see that there is more advice
on saving money than you could possibly read. Indeed much
of the advice is not worth reading. Here are some quick
and easy ways to save you a bit of cash on your marketing.

Set out a plan that you will follow. A bit of extra time
and consideration at the outset will go a long way to
ensuring that you do not spend more than you want to on
your marketing campaign. Remember that small amounts will
add up so plan and document everything if you do not want
to get a nasty surprise.

It's also really common to see a company spending money on
marketing techniques that are flashy and pretty but don't
really have much of an impact on their actual sales. You
must track your sales very closely when trying a new
marketing plan and don't begin a bunch of different
techniques at one time because then you won't know which one
is having the positive effect.

Spend money on what works. If you start many different
types of marketing at the same time, you will not know which
is the most successful method. Instead, bring in one
campaign at a time. This way you can analyze which methods
bring in the best return to you.

Make sure that you target the right people. You can save a
lot of money by limiting your target audience to the people
that are really interested in your product. If you target a
wider number of people you will waste money, as you will
have to produce more material for a lesser return.
Customers do not necessarily appreciate adverts that are
all singing and dancing. In fact, simple and easy to
understand adverts are much more likely to be successful.

Think simple. Many people are actually put off by flashy
advertisements. By creating simple, plain material you will
not only save money but you may also appeal to more people.
Biggest is not always best!

A final great way to save money on marketing is to cut costs
whenever you can when the customers can't see it. If
customers never visit your office, you don't have to have a
big and flashy office. You can keep letterhead and paper
type for mailings and other small things simple. There is no
need to go out and spend a fortune on things that your
customers will likely not even notice.



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GUIDELINES FOR PLACING ADS
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* Only subscribers are allowed to place a free ad.
* Only 1 free ad per month, per subscriber.
* Maximum of 65 characters per line.
* Solo Ads 30 lines, including url and email address.
* Featured Ads 7 lines, including url and email address.
* Sponsored Ads 5 lines, including url and email address.
* Free Ads 3 lines, including url and email address.
* No Adult, chain letters, astrology, gambling, hate,
racial, pornographic, or illegal material.
* First come first served.


To Submit Your Paying and Free Ads:
send to http://www.free-marine.com/ezine.htm


Text Ad only (No attachment or HTML)

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ADVERTISING RATES
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Solo ads US$30.00 - 30 lines including url, 65 characters/line
Featured ads US$10.00 -7 lines including url, 65 characters/line
Sponsored ads US$7.00 - 5 lines including url, 65 characters/line


Payment for paying ads can be made by credit card at:

http://www.free-marine.com/payingad.htm

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~Disclaimer: Facworld provides Ad listings
and opportunities as a service for our subscribers.
Although we do make an effort to verify offers, we do not
accept responsibility for the validity of the information
presented. Please conduct your own evaluation of offers.

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Contact Information
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Thomas Yoon, Publisher/Editor
4186 Bagan Luar Road
12000 Butterworth
Malaysia

Contact me at http://www.free-marine.com/emailform.htm


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