-----Original Message-----
From: michael nelson [mailto:sickmick30@...]
Sent: Friday, July 05, 2002 1:26 AM
To: minority-nurse-forum@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [MNF] Nursing opportunities

Hi

Ive been a nurse for quite awile...I love it. I'm a RN -BSN. I'm a traveler now. I'm in Baltimore. I've been geriatric for the last 13 years. My wife is a LPN. I'm always interested in geriatric positions. Can you give me more info?

---

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UPDATE:
WE ARE PUTTING THE FINISHING TOUCHES ON THE PROGRAM FOR AFRICAN
AMERICAN HISTORY MONTH. THE TITLE IS: OUR PAST BRIDGE TO THE FUTURE. WE
ARE STILL IN NEED OF PEOPLE TO HELP OUT ON THE PROGRAM DAY. THE   MONTH
DATE AND TIME IS: FEBRUARY 28,2000,12:00 P.M. TO 1:00 P.M. IN THE RB&C
AMPHITHEATER. WE LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING ALL OF YOU THERE. THE FLIERS
WILL BE OUT IN A WEEK. THE DISPLAY IN THE ATRIUM WILL GO UP ON FEB.
1,2000. PLEASE STOP AND ENJOY.

THE MEETING FOR THIS MONTH IS ON FRIDAY JAN.28,2000 IN THE MATHER CONF.
ROOM. THE ONE OVER BY PERSONEL. OUR USUAL PLACE. PLEASE ARRANGE YOUR
AFFAIRS TO BE PRESENT. THE TIME FROM 2:00 PM TO 3:00 PM .

                                  BARBY SMITH MODERATOR

To all members of The Minority Nurse Forum. If you have not completed
your MNF user profile please do so. Please let us know which specialty
you are involved with and where you are practicing. Please complete
your on-line profile by going to our Minority Nurses Forum site on the
Internet at:

http://www.eGroups.com/list/minority-nurse-forum

If you have any problems or questions, please feel free to contact me
at any of the following email addresses:

barbysmith@...
barby.smith@...

Please continue to share the wealth of knowledge...

Thank You,

Barby Smith

WE ARE PREPARING FOR OUR YEARLY PROGRAM. WE WANT INPUT FROM THE GROUP.
SOME IDEAS ARE "THE SALLY HEMMINGS STORY,LIFE WITH THOMAS JEFFERSON."
ANOTHER  " WE THE PEOPLE,DECENDANTS OF NOTABLE AFRICAN AMERCIANS ".
THIS WOULD INCLUDE SALLY'S PEOPLE AS WELL AS OTHER AFRICAN AMERICANS.
THIS WOULD BE A MORE INCLUSIVE PROGRAM. LET ME HEAR FROM YOU. E-MAIL ME
OR DIANNE HENDRICKS WITH YOUR SUGGESTION.

                         BARBY SMITH

DATE : October 12, 1999
TO   : INTERNET MANAGER
FROM : BARBY SMITH
SUBJECT : Appt of Dr. Udekwu

TO:minority-nurse-forum@egroups.com
DATE : October 11, 1999
TO   :
FROM : PETER BUEHNER
SUBJECT : Appt of Dr. Udekwu

Date        October 5, 1999

Number      3843

To          UHC Clinical and Administrative Leadership

From        M. Orry Jacobs
             Executive Vice President

Subject     Appointment of Senior Vice President and General Manager,
             Operative Services


It is a pleasure to announce the appointment of Anthony O. Udekwu, M.D.
as Senior Vice President and General Manager, Operative Services,
effective November 1, 1999.  In this position, Dr. Udekwu will have
overall responsibility for all of our operative services, including
Mather Operating Rooms, Mather Outpatient Surgery Center, Bishop/
Humphrey Operating Rooms, Pre-Admission Testing, and PACU Units.  Dr.
Udekwu will have responsibility for all Hospital employees assigned to
the Operating Rooms and related functions, scheduling of the Operating
Rooms, and liaison with the Department of Anesthesiology.

Born in Chicago, Dr. Udekwu was educated in Sweden, Nigeria and the
United States.  A 1979 graduate of the University of Nigeria School of
Medicine, he received his general surgery training at the University of
Chicago.  He is a Board Certified General Surgeon with added qualifications
in Surgical Critical Care.  Dr. Udekwu has been a member of the full time
faculty of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine since 1987,
and is currently Associate Professor and Vice Chair of the Department of
Surgery.  He has served as Director of the Surgical Residency Program and
Medical Director of Surgical Services at the University of Pittsburgh
Medical Center since 1995.  Dr. Udekwu is also an Assistant Medical
Director of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System's
Institute for Quality and Medical Management, and has been co-chair of
its Total Quality Council since 1990.

As our System has grown, we have seen increasing numbers of referrals
and patients turning to UHC for surgery.  In response, we have invested
strategically in advanced surgical facilities and equipment.  Now, to
oversee the best utilization of all our operating room resources, and to
ensure that they become among the most effective and efficient in the
U.S., we have created this new position.

I know you will join me in wishing Dr. Udekwu every success in this
important new role at University Hospitals.





































































































































































       PETER BUEHNER

CC  : PETER BUEHNER                CINDY MCCONNELL
       JANET KOLSOM                 MARYANN DOMANOVIC
       LAURIE THOMSON               LYNNE PILLAR
       MARILYN MADIGAN





       BARBY SMITH

THE MINORITY NURSE FORUM PUT ON A CONFERENCE A FEW YEARS BACK ENTITLED
" BLACK WOMEN IN WHITE ", BY DARLENE CLARK HINE. THIS IS TO INFORM YOU
THAT MS. HINE WILL BE IN TOWN AT TRI-C ON OCT.19,1999 AT 8:00 P.M. FOR
A FREE LECTURE. THE TITLE IS " HEALING OTHERS; HEALING OURSELVES "
DR. DARLENE CLARK HINE IS A  RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY,AUTHOR, AND SCHOLAR.
SHE IS ALSO PROFESSOR OF HISTORY AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY.
DR. HINE'S FREE PUBLIC PROGRAM IS A TIMELY LOOK AT THE HISTORY OF THE
AFRICAN AMERICAN NURSE.
WHEN: OCTOBER 19,1999 AT 8:00 P.M.
WHERE: CUYAHOGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE METRO CAMPUS AUDITORIUM

THERE WILL BE A BOOK SIGNING AT THE CONCLUSION  OF DR. HINE'S
PRESENTATION AND A RECEPTION. PLEASE TRY TO ATTEND. I THINK WE ALL CAN
BENEFIT FROM GOING.
E MAIL ME IF YOU PLAN TO ATTEND.


BARBY SMITH MODERATOR

The lecture series sponsored by Dr. Jackson's office will be held today
Tuesday the seventh in ths kulas auditorium, at 12:30 p.m.. Sorry for
the late notice. I received the info. from his office this morning.
Please try to schedule your lunch break for this time. In case some
don't read there mail in time, pass it on by word of mouth. I will try
to call as many as i can. Hope to see you there.

Barby Smith, Moderator

We have had some response to our helping out with the breast cancer
program. We still need speakers for the dates listed on your sheets. If
you do not have a list of the dates please let me know. the speaking
time is only seven minutes. ||
More updates as they come available. ||

                                 Barby Smith

                                Moderator

DATE : May  6, 1999
TO   : INTERNET MANAGER
FROM : BARBY SMITH
SUBJECT : inservice opportunity

TO:minority-nurse-forum@egroups.com

Hi, I am the CNS for lakeside (University Hospitals of Cleveland - Mod.) ,
and
also the president of the association of  nurses in AIDS care.  I would like
to invite anyone from the minority forum  to attend an interesting lecture.
Charlene gave me your name, and I hope I  am writing to the correct
person...

Our group is having a dinner/inservice on June 3, 5:30-7:00 PM in the senior
staff dining room (dinner is free, we have a sponsor).  the inservice is on
"AIDS in Africa".  You probably are not aware of this, but the infectious
disease program here runs big research projects in Uganda and several
attending MD and fellows go to Africa during the year.  Dr. Christina Hirsch
just returned from Uganda, and will talk about a wide variety of things (the
vaccine trial just started, also "state of the nation" information).  My
staff has heard this lecture in the past, and it is really a fascinating
topic:  makes you grateful for the kind of care we have in USA, but amazed
at
the different level(s) of care in Kampala (i.e. you get a bed frame, bring
your own mat).  Coincidentally, the former minister of public health will be
visiting here later in the week, and there may also be opportunities to meet
him.

I have posters, etc. if you are interested.
Let me know.

Marilyn Kabb
41562 (voice mail)
B31996




       BARBY SMITH



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DATE : February 23, 1999
TO   : INTERNET MANAGER
FROM : PETER BUEHNER
SUBJECT : William Edward Burghard...

TO:minority-nurse-forum@eGroups.com

HONORARY SUBSCRIBER

Today's Honorary Subscriber is William Edward Burghard ("W.E.B.") Du Bois
(1868-1963), one of the most important African-American leaders of the first
part of the 20th century.  Born in Massachusetts, he received sociology
degrees from Fisk and Harvard and also studied at the University of Berlin;
as an educator, he spent a number of years on the faculty of Atlanta
University in Atlanta.

      A pioneer of the Civil Rights movement, he was a co-founder of the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) as well
as a poet, novelist, and founder of the magazine "Crisis," which he edited
for 24 years.

      Du Bois was embroiled in two fierce, famous, and very different feuds
with other black leaders:

      One was with Marcus Garvey, the Jamaican political activist and
separatist who led a Back-To-Africa movement, and whose ideas form the basis
for Rastafarianism.

     The other was with Booker T. Washington, the author of "Up From
Slavery."  Washington, who was widely supported by white philanthropists and
business leaders such as Andrew Carnegie, held the position that blacks
should not seek social change until they had first raised their economic
status.  And whereas Washington promoted industrial training as the most
effective solution to the plight of the blacks, Du Bois lashed out at his
rival's "old attitude of adjustment and submission" and wanted instead to
focus education on the black elite, the "Talented Tenth" of blacks who could
provide intellectual leadership.  "The Negro race," wrote Du Bois,  "like
all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men."

           In his 1989 biography of Du Bois, Mark Stafford offers the
following discussion of the Washington-vs.-Du Bois rivalry:

      "The key moment in Washington's rise to national prominence took place
in 1895, at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta.
Speaking before an audience of blacks and whites, he called for blacks to
put aside their aspirations for political and social equality.  Instead, he
said, they should take part in the South's economic development and focus on
improving their industrial skills before demanding a higher place in
American society... In effect, Washington was saying that blacks were
willing to accept racial segregation if whites agreed to let them have their
own institutions...

      "Du Bois argued that Washington's program was 'a gospel of work and
money' that denied 'the higher aims of life' and 'tended to shift the burden
of the Negro problem to the Negro's shoulders.'

       Often criticized for his "radical" ideas, W.E.B. Du Bois eventually
decided to resign from the NAACP and renounce his editorship of the "Crisis"
magazine.  He said he was leaving the publication in the hands of an
organization whose leaders "have neither the ability or the disposition to
guide it in the right direction."

      In later years Du Bois ran an unsuccessful campaign for the U.S. Senate
as the nominee of the American Labor Party.  He was investigated by the FBI
and the House Un-American Activities Committee on for his socialist views
and Communist sympathies, and in 1951 he was indicted (but later acquitted)
on the charge of "failure to register as agent of a foreign principal."  In
the late 1950s he made extended visits to the Soviet Union and China, and in
1961 he joined the American Communist Party and moved with his wife to
Ghana, where he died in 1963 at the age of 95.

      His funeral concluded with a reading from his own words: "One thing
alone I charge you. As you live, believe in life! Always human beings will
live and progress to broader and fuller life.  The only possible death is to
lose belief in this truth simply because the great end some slowly, because
time is long.  Good-bye."






       PETER BUEHNER



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December 30, 1998 - January 5, 1999


by
lisa jones

Grave Matters at Monticello
   American Family Reunions
  (illustration: Corbis / Bettmann)



We cruise the aisles at Wal-Mart and eat chicken-fried steak at
Shoney's. This routine alone is enough to keep me coming back, but
really why I go is to hear the same family stories told year after year.
A favorite involves my great-great-grandfather, Jack Johns, an African
American, and my great-great-grandmother, Anna, his Jewish wife; they
fell in love while working as domestics at a plantation near
Bishopsville, South Carolina, shortly after the Civil War. Who said
interracial coupling first blossomed in the Age of Aquarius?

My holidays are synonymous with a trip to Hartsville, South Carolina
(about an hour upstate from Columbia, the capital), for my annual family
reunion, which brings together relatives from around the country. On the
topics of race, sex, and hair, there's always plenty to report. This
year, I noticed what an openly multiculti family we've become. Our mixed
ancestry, like that of most blacks, is not news. The news is the
family's sense of comfort with it. In the future, I see our gathering
evolving from a black family reunion into what one might call a
historically black reunion of Americans.

In June, another cousin of my generation will marry, as folks used to
say, "outside the race." And a highlight of this year's reunion was the
wedding video of yet another interracial couple. The family sat around
eating Cheez Doodles and enjoying the obvious devotion between two
middle-class kids from Palo Alto. "Love, we are standing here in the
fullness of your presence," said the minister, and no one in front of
the VCR batted an eye. A far cry, I imagined, from when my white mother
and black father tied the knot in 1958, their union still illegal in
most Southern states.

It's no sweet irony that despite the current state of my family, the
state of South Carolina exists in an entirely different stratosphere. In
November, South Carolinians voted on whether to abolish a 103-year-old
ban on interracial marriage. This Jim Crowmanaged to remain part of the
state constitution despite Loving v. Virginia, the Supreme Court case
that struck down miscegenation laws in 1967. (Alabama is the only other
state that still has such a law; there is currently a campaign to remove
it.)

South Carolina voters ended up siding against the ban, but only by a
two-thirds margin. Several state representatives wanted to keep it. Said
Representative Lanny Littlejohn, Republican from Spartanburg, just
before the vote, "I think God has a perfect plan, and man has screwed it
up." Here's to the new millennium. Whose American future will
prevail—Mr. Littlejohn's or my family's?

One family reunion in particular has made headlines of late, though in
this case the parties were brought together by means of a test tube.
Last month, DNA tests confirmed that Thomas Jefferson fathered a child
with one of his slaves, Sally Hemings. The Jefferson-Hemings link has
been a hotbed of contention for 200 years. And the DNA "bombshell," as
some saw it, reignited the debate about our third president's character
and legacy. Was he the architect of American equality struggling with
the question of slavery, or a slave owner who warned against race mixing
while feasting on taboo sex across the color line? Or just another human
specimen of contradictions?

Before DNA sent mainstream scholars scrambling to revise their canons,
they happily bypassed stacks of circumstantial evidence and oral history
from black families attesting to the relationship. The most damning clue
all along, to my mind, is that Hemings herself was the half-sister of
Jefferson's wife, née Martha Wayles, who died young. Martha's father had
six children by Sally's mother. (Historians have long accepted oral
history accounts of the black Wayles children, but not of the black
Jeffersons.) Jefferson romantics like to claim the president was immune
to the ethos of slave owner as sultan, but he was surely surrounded by
it, and not just philosophically.

African Americans didn't need DNA to give credence to the
Hemings-Jefferson story; we just look at our rainbow of skin tones and
our family trees full of European and Indian ancestors. Without
question, the concubinage of black females was central to American
slavery. And given that nine out of our first 12 presidents owned
slaves, one can only imagine how many other colored descendants of note
are among our ranks.

The only scoop from Monticello was no scoop at all. The real issue, as
talk-radio host Earl Ofari Hutchinson told Don Terry at the The New York
Times, is "why there was such denial for so long among historians and so
many whites."

Indeed, the presumed crime of race mixing looms large here. (More
attention was paid to Hemings's race than to the fact that she was three
decades Jefferson's junior, Lolita's age when accounts say their
relationship began.) Jefferson's sex with Hemings suddenly became a
"crime more heinous than the crime of his legal ownership of her," to
quote Annette Gordon-Reed, whose Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An
American Controversy examines the racial protectionism that litters
Jefferson scholarship. And while we're on the subject, one of the
least-explored crimes of American slavery was that whites didn't just
own and rape their African property, but committed the offspring of
these unions, their own flesh and blood, to bondage as well.

Many commentators label the Jefferson-Hemings chronicle a presidential
sex scandal with convenient parallels to the Clinton era. The heart of
the matter is not sex at all, but family and American identity. This
country is a "family not just in democratic theory, but in blood," as
writer and Jefferson descendant Lucian K. Truscott IV quoted Gordon-Reed
in the New York Times, and we've been so since our colonial beginnings.
According to Frank Shuffleton, editor of A Mixed Race: Ethnicity in
Early America, Americans have been a creole people, culturally and
genetically, since the mid-1800s. Yet the reality of our shared blood is
constantly denied, particularly by whites. So are the lines between
races carefully drawn—manufactured is a better word (witness the
"one-drop rule" in determining race)—because they limit the pool of
those entitled to the privileges of whiteness.

Truscott's fiery op-eds about the upcoming showdown at Monticello caught
my eye. An army brat who grew up in the integrated armed services,
Truscott says he's been writing for 32 years, but never had the desire
to weigh in about his lineage until he heard his relatives spout off
like "rednecks" when faced with the DNA findings.

The Monticello Association, the official society of white descendants of
Jefferson, will vote this spring whether to accept black descendants.
Membership gets you into the annual reunion at Monticello, and allows
you to rest in peace in the president's graveyard. Truscott has invited
all the Hemings kin to attend this May, and challenged the whites to
"look our slave descendants in the face when you vote to exclude them
from our family." Some members are threatening to quit if blacks are
voted in; others will quit, and sue, if they aren't.

Last month Truscott took part in a made-for-Oprah reunion with his
Hemings cousins, including the descendants of Thomas Woodson, reportedly
the first son of Hemings and Jefferson, conceived during their time in
Paris. No DNA match for the descendants of Woodson has yet been found.
Truscott thinks DNA is "horseshit." No one's asking the white
descendants for their DNA. Obviously blacks are being held to a higher
standard of proof for family membership than whites.

White scientists published the DNA findings, and a white historian,
Joseph J. Ellis, introduced them, trumping the decades-long battle for
acknowledgment of the Hemings-Jefferson family line waged by African
Americans. Truscott put me in touch with Michele Cooley-Quille, whom he
calls one of his "Hemings cousins," though she's a sixth-generation
Woodson. Cooley-Quille, 33, an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins'
School of Hygiene and Public Health, is a daughter of the late Robert H.
Cooley III, considered by many to be the catalyst behind recognition for
the black descendants.

Cooley, a retired federal magistrate and lieutenant colonel in the army,
had been waging a campaign since the early '90s, appearing on TV to
declare his ancestry and talk about the Woodson Family Association,
which claims 1400 known descendants. The Woodsons, a distinguished
African American family of college presidents and federal prosecutors,
have criticized the DNA study, and stand by their 200-year-old oral
history.

In the early '90s, Cooley was asked by the Thomas Jefferson Memorial
Foundation (which runs Monticello and is guardian of the historical
legacy) to take part in the 250th anniversary celebration of the
president's birth. He requested permission to stage the semiannual
Woodson Family Reunion at Monticello for the first time, which he did in
1992. Judge Cooley was the impetus for the foundation to begin oral
history documentation of the descendants of Monticello's slaves,
abstracts of which can be found on their Web site (www.monticello.org).

Cooley died suddenly in July, just months before the DNA results were
published. Two weeks before his death, he'd appeared on an ABC news show
and said one thing he wanted from his crusade was to be buried at
Monticello. Cooley-Quille contacted the Monticello Association
immediately after her father passed and requested permission.

But the Monticello Association, the more conservative body, turned down
Cooley-Quille's request to bury her father. Robert Gillespie, president
of the association, says the decision was based on lack of space in the
yard. Gillespie acknowledges that the association has never asked to
review the Woodson family records.

A magazine editor I know finds the whole question of who gets to be
buried at Monticello a vapid symbol, nothing more than blacks coveting
all things white. To Cooley-Quille, the graveyard is no symbol, but part
of the "equity in rights and privileges" that she feels are due black
families. (Jefferson descendants attend the University of Virginia,
which the president founded, for free. Cooley-Quille and her two
siblings all went to UVA, but the judge paid their way.)

Truscott calls the graveyard tussle serious business: "This is about
blood, race, and land, the same things Gone with the Wind is about...
the biggest unexamined subjects we have in this country. And the most
explosive. The slaves worked the land, and what did they get for it?
Nothing."

I can't think of a more potent metaphor of American race relations at
the millennium than the battle over graveyard space at Monticello. There
seems to be only one mature choice for the Monticello Association. If it
welcomes African American descendants of Jefferson, the association will
embrace the future. If it says no, it replays our segregated past.
(Truscott says Gillespie once called for the creation of a separate
graveyard for Hemings descendants—a Jim Crow solution if ever there was
one.)

Even if Hemings kin weren't Jefferson's blood relatives, the Monticello
Association courts shame by keeping them out of the graveyard. Hemings
and the other Africans held as slaves built Monticello. They made the
bricks, planed the lumber, suckled and fed the children. And the white
descendants of Jefferson continue to enjoy the wealth and privilege this
free labor amassed. Ancestral labor, as much as common blood, demands
that kin of former slaves share Monticello. The Monticello Association
must know they owe the black descendants a lot more than a place in the
family plot.

Tell us what you think. editor@...





______________________________________________________

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Ethiopian Jews Imitate U.S. Blacks
By SARI BASHI Associated Press Writer

JERUSALEM (AP) - Batya Tadela, a 16-year-old Ethiopian immigrant to
Israel, used to be hurt and insulted when people called her ``kushi,'' a
Hebrew word commonly used to refer to blacks.

But now, like many young Ethiopian immigrants weathering tough times,
Tadela has found an unlikely source of solace, pride and identity -
America's black culture.

The fact that most of these Ethiopian teens have never visited the
United States or even met a black American doesn't prevent them from
embracing rap music and hip-hop fashion, along with sometimes misguided
stereotypes gleaned from MTV, movies and news reports.

``All the Ethiopians try to imitate the (American) blacks,'' said
Tadela, who emigrated from the Gondar region of Ethiopia seven years ago
and lives near Tel Aviv.

For centuries, Ethiopian Jews dreamed of reaching Israel. Much of the
65,000-member community here arrived in 1985 and 1991 through a series
of dramatic airlifts. Thousands of others perished trekking through
brutal conditions in the Sudan desert on the way to airlift departure
points.

But for many Ethiopians, Israel has proven something less than a
promised land. As a group, they remain at the bottommost rung of the
country's economic and educational ladder, still struggling to find
social, religious and cultural acceptance.

Out of a sense of disaffection has sprung a new defiance, especially
among the young.

Ethiopian traditions of indirect communication and quiet respect are
often drowned in the din of Israel's competitive, in-your-face
mainstream culture. Frustrated, many Ethiopian teens are turning to
pride-and-protest themes drawn from the cultures of American and
Caribbean blacks.

Nineteen-year-old Or Masrak uses a good chunk of her pay as a drugstore
clerk to dance at a rap-and-reggae nightclub in Tel Aviv.

``When we listen to black music, we don't have to feel rejected,'' she
shouted over the pounding beat. ``Here, we come together and learn to
stand up for our rights.''

The Ethiopian saga in Israel has been fraught with hardships. On
arrival, most became wards of an overworked immigration bureaucracy that
housed them in isolated trailer parks or urban absorption centers where
traditional farming skills proved useless in finding work.

While overt racial discrimination is relatively rare, many Ethiopians
feel the sting of what they see as Israeli disdain for them as newcomers
from a primitive country.

The Ethiopians also have had to battle an Orthodox religious
establishment that has questioned the authenticity of their Jewish
roots, requiring them to undergo symbolic conversion to Judaism before
marrying.

The burdens of immigrant life have fallen particularly hard on the
young.

Because many parents can't provide their children with school supplies
or a quiet place to study, some teens attend state-run boarding schools
attended by Israeli youngsters from troubled homes. In some neighborhood
grade schools, there is de facto segregation that Ethiopians feel has
meant a lower standard of education.

The Ethiopians' high school dropout rate exceeds 17 percent, or more
than double the national average, the Education Ministry says.

Young Ethiopians have excelled in their mandatory military service, but
once demobilized, most can get only low-paying jobs. Unemployment among
older Ethiopians is high, with more than half the families with
teen-agers having no employed head of household.

Young Ethiopians' attraction to black American culture worries Ethiopian
community elders, who fear teens are distancing themselves from their
own traditions.

``To be Ethiopian is not `in,''' said Shula Mula, an activist at the
Israel Association for Ethiopian Jews. ``But to be Michael Jackson is to
be admired by Israelis.''

Most Ethiopian teen-agers are familiar only with stereotypical
depictions of black life in the United States: either the despair of
drugs and crime or the glamour of sports and music stardom.

For most, this infatuation manifests itself in ardently following black
American music and fashion. For a few, it takes the form of hard-edged
racial rhetoric.

``I don't talk to whites,'' said a 16-year-old in baggy jeans and
sneakers who calls himself Tupac after the slain American rapper Tupac
Shakur. With a group of other Ethiopian teens, he was listening to rap
music and smoking cigarettes outside a dorm at a state boarding school
in Jerusalem.

``It's a form of protest,'' Ethiopian lawmaker Addisu Masala said of
teens who identify with American blacks. ``When a child feels that he's
not wanted here, he looks for an alternative identity.''

Younger Ethiopians see in black American culture a vibrant energy and a
chance for success against the odds.

``When I see American movies that show a lot of blacks succeeding, it
makes me feel good,'' said Shmuel Batla, a 22-year-old cook. ``If he can
succeed, so can I.''



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DATE : January 22, 1999
TO   : INTERNET MANAGER
FROM : PETER BUEHNER
SUBJECT : Origins Of Nurses...

TO:minority-nurse-forum@eGroups.com

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--

Division of Nursing
Minority Registered Nurses*

It is estimated that almost 10 percent, or 246,000 out of the 2,559,000
million  registered nurses in this country in March 1996, came from
racial/ethnic minority backgrounds.  Between 1992 and 1996, the number
of minority nurses increased at a faster rate  (19.1 percent) than all
registered nurses (14.2 percent).  However, in comparison to the  total
population of the country where in 1996 minorities were almost 28
percent of the  total, minority nurses are still underrepresented among
all registered nurses.

Estimates for each racial/ethnic minority group were: 107,500 black
(nonHispanic) nurses; 40,600 Hispanic nurses; 86,000 Asian/Pacific
Islanders; and 12,000 American Indians/Alaskan Natives.

Each minority group is distributed differently around the country.
Black nurses were more likely to be found among the nurses in the
southern part of the country and in the Middle Atlantic area.  Higher
proportions of the nurses in the western part of the country and in the
East South Central area were from Hispanic backgrounds than in other
parts of the country.  Asian/Pacific Islanders were more likely found
among nurses in the Pacific and Middle Atlantic areas than in other
areas.

Registered nurses from minority backgrounds were more likely to be
employed in nursing than nonminority nurses.  About 88 percent of the
minority nurses were employed in nursing in comparison to 82 percent of
the nonminority nurses.

Minority nurses employed in nursing were also more likely than
nonminority nurses to be employed full time.  Eighty five percent of the
employed minorities were working full time, compared to 70 percent of
the employed nonminorities.  The black and the Asian nurses were most
likely to be full-time workers.

The most common employment setting for all nurses, both minority and
nonminority, was in the hospital.  About three fourths of all
hospital-employed  nurses were in staff nurse positions.  Among Asians,
84 percent were in staff nurse positions.

Blacks and Asian/Pacific Islanders were more likely than Hispanics and
nonminorities to have at least baccalaureate preparation.  Among blacks,
12 percent had master's or doctoral degrees compared to about 10 percent
of the nonminority nurses and approximately 7 percent of the Hispanic
and Asian nurses.

*Based on data from the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses,
March 1996,    Division  of  Nursing, Bureau of Health Professions,
Health Resources and Services Administration.

Prepared by Evelyn B. Moses, Chief
Nursing Data Analysis Staff
June 1997







       PETER BUEHNER



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